Welcome to the VBIA Construction Knowledge Center
Our mission is to help homeowners, buyers, and residents better understand the construction methods, standards, and requirements that shape our communities here in Volusia County. From grading and drainage to building codes and maintenance tips, we aim to provide clear, practical information that empowers you to make informed decisions about your home and property.

If there’s a topic you’d like to see covered, we’d love to hear from you—just contact our office with your suggestion. We hope you find this resource both useful and enlightening

Impact Fees and Housing Affordability — What You Need to Know

When new homes are built in Florida, local governments often charge impact fees to help pay for infrastructure like roads, schools, parks, and public safety. While the goal is to plan for growth, impact fees have a direct effect on the cost of housing — not just for new buyers, but for existing homeowners too.

What Are Impact Fees?

Impact fees are a government-imposed charge on new homes. They are essentially the price a homeowner pays to utilize their property and receive services such as upgraded roads, parks, schools, and emergency services.

Here’s how it works:

• When a home is built, the contractor collects the fee from the homebuyer.

• That fee is then passed on to the local municipality before a Certificate of Occupancy (CO) can be issued.

• Without payment, the home cannot legally be occupied.

In Volusia County and across Florida, impact fees can add tens of thousands of dollars to the cost of a single home.

A Key Fact Most People Don’t Know

Impact fees are intended to fund new infrastructure capacity — not maintenance of what already exists.

That means impact fee dollars can generally be used to expand services to handle more residents, but they cannot be used for routine upkeep, repairs, or resurfacing.

Examples

Park Impact Fees

• Can be used for: building a new park, adding new walking paths, expanding amenities to serve more people at one time

• Cannot be used for: maintaining current parks, repairing equipment, replacing worn-out features

Road Impact Fees

• Can be used for: adding lanes, improving intersections, expanding capacity for more traffic

• Cannot be used for: resurfacing roads, routine repairs, ongoing maintenance

Fire/EMS Impact Fees

• Can be used for: new stations, additional apparatus, expanded facilities needed for growth

• Cannot be used for: daily operating costs, maintenance of existing equipment

School Impact Fees

• Can be used for: building new schools or expanding capacity (additional classrooms)

• Cannot be used for: salaries, school maintenance, repairs, or operating expenses

How They Affect New Homes

• Added Up-Front Costs — Because the fee must be paid before occupancy, it raises the price of the home before the buyer even moves in.

• Higher Prices for Buyers — Every $1,000 added to a home’s cost can prevent many families from qualifying for a mortgage.

• Reduced Supply — Higher costs can discourage new construction, which limits the supply of homes and drives prices up further.

How They Affect Existing Homes

Impact fees don’t only impact new buyers — the effects ripple outward:

• Price Pressure — When new homes become more expensive, existing homes rise in value by comparison.

• Higher Property Taxes — Higher home values often lead to higher property tax bills for current homeowners.

• Community Strain — Fewer attainable homes can make it harder for local employers to attract and keep workers.

• Ripple Effects — Rising housing costs can increase rental rates, insurance costs, and the overall cost of living.

Bottom Line

Impact fees may sound like a “builder issue,” but they are a homeowner affordability issue. They directly increase the cost of new homes and indirectly raise costs across the housing market — including existing home prices and property taxes. Understanding what impact fees can (and cannot) be used for helps residents stay informed and engaged in local decisions that shape affordability in Volusia County.

Impact Fees at a Glance

What They Are	Government-imposed charges on new homes to help fund public infrastructure like roads, parks, schools, and public safety.
Who Pays	The homebuyer pays the fee to the builder, who passes it to the local municipality before a Certificate of Occupancy can be issued.
How Much	In Volusia County, impact fees can add tens of thousands of dollars to the cost of a single home.

Important to Know

New Capacity Only | Impact fees can be used to add new infrastructure capacity — not maintenance of what already exists.

Examples:

• Parks: Can build/expand parks or add walking paths → cannot maintain existing parks/equipment

• Roads: Can add lanes/improve intersections           → cannot resurface roads

• Fire/EMS: Can add stations/equipment for growth → cannot cover operating/maintenance costs

• Schools: Can add classrooms/new schools              → cannot pay for maintenance or daily operations

Why It Matters

Raises Housing Costs | Higher impact fees increase the cost of new homes before move-in. 
Pushes Up Existing Home Values | When new homes cost more, resale homes often rise too. 
Higher Property Taxes | Higher home values can mean higher tax bills for existing homeowners. 
Ripple Effects | Can increase rents, insurance costs, and the overall cost of living. 

Did You Know?
Impact fees must be paid before move-in. Without payment, a Certificate of Occupancy cannot be issued, meaning the home cannot legally be occupied.

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Business License vs. Contractor License – Quick Facts

Licensed Business	Licensed Contractor
Simply registers a company name with the State of Florida.	Approved by the Florida DBPR to perform regulated trade or construction work.
Legal for accounting/tax purposes only.	Must pass exams, meet experience, and carry insurance.
Can sound like a trade company (e.g., “ABC Roofing LLC”) but not authorized to do the work.	Licensed in specific categories (e.g., roofing, electrical, plumbing, general contractor).
Cannot pull building permits.	Can pull permits and is legally responsible for the work.

Why It Matters

• Hiring only a “licensed business” = no permits, no insurance protection, and higher risk of unsafe work.

• ✅ Hiring a DBPR-licensed contractor = code-compliant work, insurance coverage, and legal protection.

Homeowner Tip:
Always verify a contractor’s license number through the Florida DBPR License Search before hiring. A true professional will gladly provide it.

Florida Licensed Business vs. Florida Licensed Contractor — What’s the Difference?

In Florida, it’s not unusual to see companies with names that sound like a construction or trade business. But here’s the catch: just because a business is registered with the state doesn’t mean the person behind it is a licensed contractor authorized to perform construction work.

This distinction is critical for homeowners. Hiring someone without the proper license from the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR) can expose you to financial, legal, and safety risks.

Licensed Business ≠ Licensed Contractor

• A licensed business simply means the owner registered a name (sometimes called a “fictitious name” or “doing business as”) with the State of Florida.

• It allows them to operate legally as a business entity for accounting and tax purposes.

• However, it does not grant them the authority to perform regulated construction or trade work.

Example: Someone can register “ABC Roofing LLC” with the state, but that does not mean they are licensed to install or repair roofs.

What Is a Licensed Contractor?

A Florida licensed contractor has met all requirements set by DBPR, which may include:

• Passing trade knowledge and business exams.

• Meeting education or experience standards.

• Maintaining insurance and financial responsibility.

• Following continuing education requirements to keep the license active.

Contractors are licensed in specific categories (like general contractor, roofing, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, etc.), and they are legally allowed to pull permits and perform that work.

Why This Matters to Homeowners

Hiring someone who is only a “licensed business” and not a licensed contractor can have serious consequences:

• No Permits — Unlicensed contractors cannot legally pull building permits. Work done without permits can result in fines, code violations, and difficulty selling your home later.

• No Insurance Protection — If something goes wrong, your homeowner’s insurance may not cover damages.

• Quality & Safety Risks — Unlicensed work often doesn’t meet code standards, putting your home and family at risk.

• Legal Consequences — Homeowners who knowingly hire unlicensed contractors can also face penalties under Florida law.

How to Protect Yourself

• Verify Licenses — Always check a contractor’s license on the Florida DBPR license search before hiring.

• Ask for Proof — A reputable contractor will provide their license number, insurance, and qualifications without hesitation.

• Check Scope — Make sure their license matches the type of work you’re hiring them for. (Example: A roofing license does not allow them to perform electrical work.)

Bottom Line:
A registered business name may look official, but it is not the same as holding a Florida contractor’s license. Before starting any construction or repair project, take a few minutes to verify credentials. It’s the simplest way to protect your home, your wallet, and your peace of mind.

Understanding Swales with Positive Outfall: Essential Insights for Effective Stormwater Management

Understanding Swales with Positive Outfall

A swale with positive outfall is a vital landscape feature used in stormwater management, particularly in building design and site development. These shallow, vegetated channels are designed to collect, convey, and manage excess rainfall while promoting water infiltration and reducing the risk of flooding. By directing stormwater away from structures, swales help prevent water damage and enhance the overall resilience of the site.

The Impact of Rainfall Intensity on Swale Design

Rainfall intensity plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of swales. High-intensity rainfall events can generate rapid runoff, overwhelming the swale's capacity to manage water. When the rate of rainfall exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity, excess water may accumulate in the swale, leading to overflow into the adjacent roadways and yards.

Time for Water to Recede

If a swale overflows, the time it takes for water to recede can vary based on several factors, including soil type, swale design, surrounding topography, and weather conditions. In general, water should begin to recede within a few hours to a day if the swale is functioning properly. However, factors such as soil saturation and volume of overflow can extend this time frame.

Importance of Proper Swale Maintenance

Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure swales operate effectively. This includes removing debris and sediment buildup, which can obstruct water flow and reduce the swale's capacity. Inspecting and maintaining vegetation is also important, as healthy plants contribute to the swale's ability to absorb water and filter pollutants. By prioritizing maintenance, property owners can enhance the performance of swales, mitigating overflow risks and promoting sustainable stormwater management.

In summary, understanding the function and maintenance of swales with positive outfall is essential for effective stormwater management. By considering rainfall intensity, ensuring timely water receding, and maintaining swales, property owners can protect their structures and contribute to a healthier environment.

Florida Building Code – Quick Facts

(Effective Jan. 1, 2024)

Purpose	Protect life, health, and property with statewide construction standards.
Applies To	All new builds, major renovations, and certain repairs in Florida.
Updates	Every 3 years — most recent update: 2024.
Enforced By	Local building departments.

Key Areas Covered

| Hurricane Protection | Wind design, impact-rated glass, storm shutters. |
| Flood Safety | Elevation & foundation rules for flood-prone areas. |
| Energy Efficiency | Insulation, window performance, HVAC standards. |
| Structural Integrity | Framing, roofing, anchoring to resist high winds. |
| Accessibility | Safe use & access for all individuals. |

Homeowner Tips

| ✅ Hire licensed contractors who follow current FBC. |
| ✅ Pull permits for work that requires them. |
| ✅ Keep inspection records for resale & insurance. |
| ✅ Remember: Code = minimum; “above code” = extra protection. |

More Info:
Florida Building Commission
Volusia County Building Department

Did You Know?
Homes built to the 2002 Florida Building Code or later often fare far better in hurricanes — and can qualify for significant insurance discounts.

What is the florida building code:

What Every Homeowner Should Know

When a new home is built, remodeled, or repaired in Florida, the work must meet the Florida Building Code (FBC). While most people never see the code itself, it plays a major role in ensuring your home is safe, durable, and able to withstand Florida’s unique climate challenges.

This article explains what the FBC is, why it matters, and how it affects you as a homeowner in Volusia County.

What Is the Florida Building Code?

The Florida Building Code is a set of statewide construction standards that regulate how buildings are designed, built, and maintained. It covers everything from foundations and roofing to electrical systems, plumbing, and hurricane protection.

The code is updated every three years to reflect new building science, safety research, and lessons learned from past storms. The current edition took effect January 1, 2024, and local governments—like Volusia County—are required to enforce it.

Why It Exists

Florida faces some of the most demanding environmental conditions in the country:

• Hurricanes and high winds

• Heavy rain and flooding

• High humidity and heat

• Unique soil conditions

The FBC sets minimum safety and durability standards so that buildings are more likely to resist damage from these hazards. It also includes requirements for energy efficiency, accessibility, and environmental protection.

How It Affects You as a Homeowner

Even if you’re not a builder, the Florida Building Code can impact you in several ways:

1. Permitting and Inspections
   Any significant construction or renovation work on your home usually requires a building permit. County or city inspectors check the work at key stages to ensure it meets code requirements.

2. Resale Value and Insurance
   Homes built to code tend to hold their value better and may qualify for lower homeowners insurance premiums, especially if they have wind mitigation features.

3. Maintenance and Repairs
   If you replace a roof, add a deck, or remodel a kitchen, the work must comply with the current code—not just the rules from when your home was built.

Key Areas Covered by the FBC

While the code is hundreds of pages long, here are some topics that matter most to Florida homeowners:

• Hurricane Protection – Requirements for wind-resistant design, impact-rated windows, and storm shutters.

• Flood-Resistant Construction – Elevation and drainage standards in flood-prone areas.

• Energy Efficiency – Insulation, windows, and HVAC performance requirements.

• Structural Integrity – Foundation, framing, and roof design to withstand high winds.

• Accessibility – Provisions for safe access and use for people with disabilities.

Where to Learn More

You don’t need to memorize the Florida Building Code, but knowing the basics can help you:

• Ask better questions when hiring contractors.

• Understand the permitting process.

• Protect your investment in your home.

For official details, you can visit the Florida Building Commission website. If you have questions about how the code applies in Volusia County, contact the Volusia County Building Department or your local building official.

Bottom line: The Florida Building Code is there to keep your home safe, resilient, and efficient. Whether you’re building new, remodeling, or maintaining your property, a little knowledge about the code goes a long way toward making informed decisions.

Settlement vs. Structural Issues — Understanding Normal Changes vs. Red Flags in Florida Block Homes

In Florida, most homes are built using concrete masonry units (CMU)—commonly called “block construction.” This method is durable, energy-efficient, and well-suited for our climate, but like any structure, it interacts with the soil beneath it.

Over time, you may notice small cracks, sticking doors, or uneven floors. The big question is: Is this just normal settlement or a sign of a more serious structural problem?

Understanding Settlement in Florida Block Homes

Settlement is the natural, gradual movement of a home as the soil beneath it compresses and adjusts. In Florida, settlement is influenced by:

• Sandy or clay-rich soils common to our area.

• Moisture changes from heavy rains, drought, or irrigation.

• The weight of the concrete block structure itself.

Normal settlement signs in CMU homes:

• Hairline cracks (less than 1/8 inch wide) in stucco or mortar joints.

• Thin vertical cracks at block joints that do not widen over time.

• Small separations between baseboards and floors.

• Minor cosmetic cracks in interior drywall above doors or windows.

These are common, especially in the first 1–3 years after construction, and are generally cosmetic.

Recognizing Structural Issues in Block Construction

Structural issues go beyond surface cracks—they involve significant movement or damage to the block walls, foundation, or load-bearing components.

Warning signs in Florida block homes

• Horizontal cracks in the middle third of a wall (can indicate soil pressure or wall bowing).

• Cracks wider than 1/4 inch, especially if they change in length or width over time.

• Separation where the block wall meets the slab.

• Doors or windows suddenly sticking or going out of square.

• Noticeable tilting or leaning of an exterior wall.

If you see these, it’s important to contact a licensed structural engineer familiar with Florida soils and CMU construction.

Why Florida Homes Are Unique

• Expansive Clay & Sandy Soils — Some parts of Volusia County have soils that shift more with moisture changes.

• High Water Tables — Can weaken soil under foundations if drainage is poor.

• Heavy Rain & Hurricanes — Prolonged saturation followed by drying can lead to uneven soil support.

• Code Requirements — Florida Building Code sets specific standards for block wall reinforcement, hurricane resistance, and soil compaction.

Prevention & Maintenance Tips

• Keep rainwater directed away from your foundation with gutters, downspouts, and swales.

• Avoid landscaping changes that trap water near the slab.

• Maintain proper grading so soil slopes away from the home.

• Monitor cracks—photograph and measure them every few months.

• Address plumbing leaks promptly to avoid soil washout under the slab.

Bottom Line:
Some cracks are just Florida’s way of saying “your home is settling in.” Others are warning signs that your block home may need professional attention. Knowing the difference—and acting early—can save you money and protect your investment.

Normal Settlement vs. Structural Red Flags – Florida Homes

✅ Normal Settlement (Often Cosmetic)	⚠ Structural Red Flags (Needs Professional Evaluation)
Hairline stucco cracks under 1/8" wide. (Common after 1–3 years)	Cracks > 1/4" wide or growing in length/width
Small vertical cracks at block joints, no width change.	Horizontal cracks mid-wall or near foundation line.
Minor drywall cracks above doors/windows.	Wall separation from slab or ceiling.
Slight gaps at trim or baseboards.	Tilting/leaning block walls.
Doors stick slightly during humidity changes.	Doors/windows suddenly misaligned or inoperable.

Homeowner Tip:

• Monitor cracks by photographing and dating them.

• Any sudden change in size, pattern, or location should be checked by a structural engineer familiar with Florida CMU homes.

Gutters & Grading – Quick Check for Florida Homes

✅ Signs They’re Protecting Your Home	⚠ Signs They’re Putting Your Foundation at Risk
-Gutters are clear, firmly attached, and flow freely during rain.	-Water overflows from gutters during normal storms.
-Downspouts discharge water 4–6 feet away from the foundation.	-Downspouts dump water directly at the base of your home.
-Soil slopes away from your home at least 6" over the first 10'.	-Low spots or pooling water near the slab after rain.

Homeowner Tip:

• Re-grade soil that has settled to maintain proper slope.

• Install splash blocks or downspout extensions to guide water to swales or approved drains.

• Clean gutters at least twice a year, and after major storms.

Gutters, Downspouts & Yard Grading — The Unsung Heroes of a Healthy Foundation

In Florida’s heavy-rainfall climate, water management is just as important to your home’s health as the strength of its walls. For concrete block (CMU) homes, controlling where rainwater goes can make the difference between decades of trouble-free living and costly foundation repairs.

Why It Matters

Water naturally follows the path of least resistance. Without proper gutters, downspouts, and grading, that path can lead straight toward your foundation. Over time, this can cause:

• Soil erosion around the slab.

• Soil washout beneath footings.

• Excess moisture in the block walls, leading to cracks or settlement.

• Mildew or moisture intrusion into the living space.

The Role of Gutters & Downspouts

• Gutters collect rainwater from your roof and channel it into downspouts.

• Downspouts carry that water to a safe discharge point, ideally at least 4–6 feet away from the foundation.

• In Florida, where rain events can drop inches of water in an hour, a properly sized and maintained gutter system is critical to prevent soil saturation around your slab.

Homeowner Tips:

• Keep gutters clear of leaves and debris—check after major storms.

• Ensure downspouts extend far enough to avoid dumping water right next to your foundation.

• Consider splash blocks or flexible extensions to direct water into swales or approved drainage paths.

Why Yard Grading Is Just as Important

Grading refers to the slope of the soil around your home. The Florida Building Code requires finished grade to slope away from the foundation at least 6 inches over the first 10 feet.

Good grading:

• Moves water away quickly, reducing the time soil stays saturated.

• Works in tandem with swales, drains, or other water-control features.

Poor grading:

• Allows water to pool against the home, seeping under the slab.

• Can lead to soil erosion that exposes block courses near the foundation.

Special Considerations for Florida Block Homes

• CMU walls can wick moisture if soil stays damp against them. This can lead to interior humidity issues or stucco damage.

• High water tables in many Florida areas mean drainage must be managed on the surface as much as underground.

• Heavy storms can overwhelm small gutters—ensure sizing matches your roof’s square footage and slope.

Simple Maintenance Schedule

• Monthly: Check gutter and downspout outlets for clogs.

• After major storms: Inspect grading for washouts or new low spots.

• Twice a year: Clean gutters thoroughly and check for sagging or loose sections.

• As needed: Re-grade soil that has settled to maintain proper slope.

Bottom Line:
Your gutters, downspouts, and yard grading may not be flashy, but they’re working behind the scenes to keep your block home’s foundation dry, stable, and trouble-free. A little maintenance goes a long way toward preventing costly structural problems in Florida’s challenging weather.